1. The American colonists are acting immature and rowdy. They think that everything that the Britain parliament is doing is "infringing on their rights". There's nothing unjust going on, we've got it made. We have land, slaves, food, anything we want. And because they think they shouldn’t be regulated or think that there is no need to pay their dues, they are sadly mistaken. I choose to stay with Britain in this argument.
2. New Hampshire was a refuge for colonial loyalists.
a. Woodbury Langdon was a merchant in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and served in Provincial Congress. He left for the "mother land" and later wrote that "he had left America after using his influence for peace and good order, to the end of preserving his family, his life, and his property, and that he might avoid all temptation to take sides with his disaffected countrymen." (pg 4)
b. A good amount of loyalists used New Hampshire as a stepping stone to get to England including John Fenton, and Woodbury Langdon. John Fenton was "In June, 1775, bodies of armed men at Portsmouth pursued John Fenton, an expelled member of the House of Assembly, to the residence of Governor John Wentworth, and compelled him to surrender. He was then given a hearing by the Provincial Congress and incarcerated in the jail at Exeter, but was later allowed to escape and go to England." (pg 4)
3. New Hampshire turned against the loyalists
a. "When, in the middle of November, the New Hampshire Congress took action in accordance with Washington's recommendation, it contented itself with designating six persons only for removal to moderate distances from Portsmouth, or for confinement in specified towns. The fact that the penalties imposed were not of a severer nature, or the number of those condemned larger may be fairly taken as another indication that the more objectionable officials had already fled. However, the six victims were let off easily, for they were kept under restraint less than six weeks." The other colonies started to put pressure on New Hampshire. New Hampshire , wanting peace, agreed and put on a show for the rest of America. They penalized a few loyalists, put on a show, but didn’t harshly punish the loyalists. The punishments only lasted a fraction of the sentences. (pg 6)
b. "One group of these prisoners, which was forwarded to Exeter in the latter part of October, or later, numbered 117 persons; but in March, 1777, the New Hampshire Committee of Safety was notified by a new board of Commissioners, recently appointed by the New York Convention, that all of the latter 's prisoners were to be recalled and given the choice between taking the oath of allegiance, or seeking the protection of the enemy. Meanwhile, New Hampshire sought to encourage the departure of her own Tories, for on January 16th her House of Representatives adopted a resolution granting full liberty to such of the inhabitants as were disaffected and desirous of leaving the State with their families and effects to do so within the next three months and, in the language of the resolution itself, 'go to any other parts of the Globe they may choose', provided that they would notify the selectmen of their respective towns 30 days in advance of their departure" Loyalists in New Hampshire were subject to the new "laws" making them either take oath to America or leave to anywhere else. Those not under the oath were put under strict scrutiny and had to tell people their every movement, even if they were trying to leave to the mother country. (pg 7)
4. Being a Loyalist, especially in New Hampshire, was a rollercoaster ride. They were safe for the first part, then New Hampshire was subjected to peer pressure from the other colonies and started to "prosecute" their loyalists or force them to join.
source material
Friday, November 21, 2008
Wednesday, November 19, 2008
essay 2 outline (updated)
1. The American colonists are acting immature and rowdy. They think that everything that the Britain parliament is doing is "infringing on their rights". There's nothing unjust going on, we've got it made. We have land, slaves, food, anything we want. And because they think they shouldn’t be regulated or think that there is no need to pay their dues, they are sadly mistaken. I choose to stay with Britain in this argument.
2. New Hampshire was a refuge for colonial loyalists.
a. Woodbury Langdon was a merchant in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and served in Provincial Congress. He left for the "mother land" and later wrote that "he had left America after using his influence for peace and good order, to the end of preserving his family, his life, and his property, and that he might avoid all temptation to take sides with his disaffected countrymen." ( http://books.google.com/books?id=K0JCAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=new+hampshire+loyalist#PPA4,M1)
b. A good amount of loyalists used New Hampshire as a stepping stone to get to England including John Fenton, and Woodbury Langdon. John Fenton was "In June, 1775, bodies of armed men at Portsmouth pursued John Fenton, an expelled member of the House of Assembly, to the residence of Governor John Wentworth, and compelled him to surrender. He was then given a hearing by the Provincial Congress and incarcerated in the jail at Exeter, but was later allowed to escape and go to England." (http://books.google.com/books?id=K0JCAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=new+hampshire+loyalist#PPA4,M1)
3. New Hampshire turned against the loyalists
a. "When, in the middle of November, the New Hampshire Congress took action in accordance with Washington's recommendation, it contented itself with designating six persons only for removal to moderate distances from Portsmouth, or for confinement in specified towns. The fact that
the penalties imposed were not of a severer nature, or the number of those condemned larger may be fairly taken as another indication that the more objectionable officials had already fled. However, the six victims were let off easily, for they were kept under restraint less than six weeks." The other colonies started to put pressure on New Hampshire. New Hampshire , wanting peace, agreed and put on a show for the rest of America. They
2. New Hampshire was a refuge for colonial loyalists.
a. Woodbury Langdon was a merchant in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and served in Provincial Congress. He left for the "mother land" and later wrote that "he had left America after using his influence for peace and good order, to the end of preserving his family, his life, and his property, and that he might avoid all temptation to take sides with his disaffected countrymen." ( http://books.google.com/books?id=K0JCAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=new+hampshire+loyalist#PPA4,M1)
b. A good amount of loyalists used New Hampshire as a stepping stone to get to England including John Fenton, and Woodbury Langdon. John Fenton was "In June, 1775, bodies of armed men at Portsmouth pursued John Fenton, an expelled member of the House of Assembly, to the residence of Governor John Wentworth, and compelled him to surrender. He was then given a hearing by the Provincial Congress and incarcerated in the jail at Exeter, but was later allowed to escape and go to England." (http://books.google.com/books?id=K0JCAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=new+hampshire+loyalist#PPA4,M1)
3. New Hampshire turned against the loyalists
a. "When, in the middle of November, the New Hampshire Congress took action in accordance with Washington's recommendation, it contented itself with designating six persons only for removal to moderate distances from Portsmouth, or for confinement in specified towns. The fact that
the penalties imposed were not of a severer nature, or the number of those condemned larger may be fairly taken as another indication that the more objectionable officials had already fled. However, the six victims were let off easily, for they were kept under restraint less than six weeks." The other colonies started to put pressure on New Hampshire. New Hampshire , wanting peace, agreed and put on a show for the rest of America. They
Friday, November 14, 2008
essay 2 outline (what i have done so far)
1. The American colonists are acting immature and rowdy. They think that everything that the Britain parliament is doing is "infringing on their rights". There's nothing unjust going on, we've got it made. We have land, slaves, food, anything we want. And because they think they shouldn’t be regulated or think that there is no need to pay their dues, they are sadly mistaken. I choose to stay with Britain in this argument.
2. New Hampshire was a refuge for colonial loyalists.
a. Woodbury Langdon was a merchant in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and served in Provincial Congress. He left for the "mother land" and later wrote that "he had left America after using his influence for peace and good order, to the end of preserving his family, his life, and his property, and that he might avoid all temptation to take sides with his disaffected countrymen." (resource link here)
b. A good amount of loyalists used New Hampshire as a stepping stone to get to England including John Fenton, and Woodbury Langdon. John Fenton was "In June, 1775, bodies of armed men at Portsmouth pursued John Fenton, an expelled member of the House of Assembly, to the residence of Governor John Wentworth, and compelled him to surrender. He was then given a hearing by the Provincial Congress and incarcerated in the jail at Exeter, but was later allowed to escape and go to England." (resource link here)
2. New Hampshire was a refuge for colonial loyalists.
a. Woodbury Langdon was a merchant in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and served in Provincial Congress. He left for the "mother land" and later wrote that "he had left America after using his influence for peace and good order, to the end of preserving his family, his life, and his property, and that he might avoid all temptation to take sides with his disaffected countrymen." (resource link here)
b. A good amount of loyalists used New Hampshire as a stepping stone to get to England including John Fenton, and Woodbury Langdon. John Fenton was "In June, 1775, bodies of armed men at Portsmouth pursued John Fenton, an expelled member of the House of Assembly, to the residence of Governor John Wentworth, and compelled him to surrender. He was then given a hearing by the Provincial Congress and incarcerated in the jail at Exeter, but was later allowed to escape and go to England." (resource link here)
Friday, October 24, 2008
Essay revised
The African Slave Trade was not a very good thing, but not many people were against it. If someone was, they were considered an extremist and were not necessarily listened to. Then Nathaniel Bacon came along in 1676 with his "new" ideas and ruined everything. His "rebellion" failed, and the failure of Bacon's "rebellion" was an accelerant to the slave trade.
After the “rebellion” failed, the Virginian colony was all shaken up. People were scared of another “rebellion” and wanted to prevent another one. To prevent another “rebellion” they tightened up the rules and reformatted the system that they had been running in the colony. The first thing to be changed after the "rebellion" was the caste system in the colony. Bacon had made a set of laws called “Bacon’s Laws” (not surprisingly) which gave the people back what had been taken and reenacted the rights that they had lost. But when Bacon died of swamp fever the “rebellion” lost steam and puttered out. Thirty-three of Bacons supporters were hung and the loved “Bacon’s Laws” were repealed and Berkeley took over again.
While Berkeley was in charge the Virginian government decided to change the caste system. Of course they stayed on top and put those that were a threat to the colony on the bottom of said caste system. The people that would want to rebel the most were the Native Americans and the African Slaves. Because the slaves were looked upon lower than the Indians, they were put lower than the Indians. In a caste system the lowest caste is most often the ones that are slaves, therefore making Bacon’s “rebellion” the reason the slave trade was accelerated.
Bacon’s “rebellion” possibly would of ended slavery in the colony, but could not possibly get rid of discrimination. Discrimination is something inside of a person, something only they can get rid of. But since the “rebellion” failed I believe that it created more discrimination by making people fear another “rebellion”. After said “rebellion” the Virginian legislature changed the caste system, basically banning all people of color to slavery. If all people of color are enslaved it breaks their spirit and lowers the chances of a “rebellion”. The Virginian legislature banned interracial marriages, or any other sexual relationship. They pretty much looked down on them and deemed them unfit for procreation. And because of the “rebellion” people had an underlying fear of people with color, or those associated with the “rebellion”, they unwittingly discriminated against them, making the “rebellion” an accelerant to slavery.
In the fear that was created by the “rebellion”, people were afraid of the lower classes “taking over” and “ruining the economy”. They wanted to do everything they could to prevent people from rebelling and taking over the colony. Bacon’s “rebellion” was the main cause of this fear because the fact that it failed. Who knows maybe if he didn’t get into a swamp and die the “rebellion” may have turned out differently and slavery would have been abolished in the colonies. But he did and it didn’t. But what it did cause was slaves to become more accepted and the slaves’ lives more miserable.
Bacon could have just been quiet. He could have accepted the way things were done and lived his life. But no; he had a dream. He wanted to free his people and live in a happier would. But his dream had risks. If he failed it would cause irreparable consequences, damaging all that he worked at. But he had to get into that swamp and die, leaving his legacy behind, a legacy of hurting more and more slaves leaving them to be mistreated and leaderless. Thus is why his “rebellion” never should have happened and he accelerated the slave trade.
sources-
a. "Slavery and the British Empire" Morgan, Kenneth pgs 138-139
http://books.google.com/books?id=SGcwgJz5rQMC&pg=PA137&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery#PPA138,M1
b. "Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States" Martin, Michael T and Yaquinto, Marilyn pgs 36-37
http://books.google.com/books?id=rjmJv389P_sC&pg=PA36&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery
c. "Charles Willson Peale" Ward, David C and Peale, Charles Willson pg 6
http://books.google.com/books?id=mO4P35Kojs0C&pg=PA6&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery&lr=#PPA6,M1
After the “rebellion” failed, the Virginian colony was all shaken up. People were scared of another “rebellion” and wanted to prevent another one. To prevent another “rebellion” they tightened up the rules and reformatted the system that they had been running in the colony. The first thing to be changed after the "rebellion" was the caste system in the colony. Bacon had made a set of laws called “Bacon’s Laws” (not surprisingly) which gave the people back what had been taken and reenacted the rights that they had lost. But when Bacon died of swamp fever the “rebellion” lost steam and puttered out. Thirty-three of Bacons supporters were hung and the loved “Bacon’s Laws” were repealed and Berkeley took over again.
While Berkeley was in charge the Virginian government decided to change the caste system. Of course they stayed on top and put those that were a threat to the colony on the bottom of said caste system. The people that would want to rebel the most were the Native Americans and the African Slaves. Because the slaves were looked upon lower than the Indians, they were put lower than the Indians. In a caste system the lowest caste is most often the ones that are slaves, therefore making Bacon’s “rebellion” the reason the slave trade was accelerated.
Bacon’s “rebellion” possibly would of ended slavery in the colony, but could not possibly get rid of discrimination. Discrimination is something inside of a person, something only they can get rid of. But since the “rebellion” failed I believe that it created more discrimination by making people fear another “rebellion”. After said “rebellion” the Virginian legislature changed the caste system, basically banning all people of color to slavery. If all people of color are enslaved it breaks their spirit and lowers the chances of a “rebellion”. The Virginian legislature banned interracial marriages, or any other sexual relationship. They pretty much looked down on them and deemed them unfit for procreation. And because of the “rebellion” people had an underlying fear of people with color, or those associated with the “rebellion”, they unwittingly discriminated against them, making the “rebellion” an accelerant to slavery.
In the fear that was created by the “rebellion”, people were afraid of the lower classes “taking over” and “ruining the economy”. They wanted to do everything they could to prevent people from rebelling and taking over the colony. Bacon’s “rebellion” was the main cause of this fear because the fact that it failed. Who knows maybe if he didn’t get into a swamp and die the “rebellion” may have turned out differently and slavery would have been abolished in the colonies. But he did and it didn’t. But what it did cause was slaves to become more accepted and the slaves’ lives more miserable.
Bacon could have just been quiet. He could have accepted the way things were done and lived his life. But no; he had a dream. He wanted to free his people and live in a happier would. But his dream had risks. If he failed it would cause irreparable consequences, damaging all that he worked at. But he had to get into that swamp and die, leaving his legacy behind, a legacy of hurting more and more slaves leaving them to be mistreated and leaderless. Thus is why his “rebellion” never should have happened and he accelerated the slave trade.
sources-
a. "Slavery and the British Empire" Morgan, Kenneth pgs 138-139
http://books.google.com/books?id=SGcwgJz5rQMC&pg=PA137&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery#PPA138,M1
b. "Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States" Martin, Michael T and Yaquinto, Marilyn pgs 36-37
http://books.google.com/books?id=rjmJv389P_sC&pg=PA36&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery
c. "Charles Willson Peale" Ward, David C and Peale, Charles Willson pg 6
http://books.google.com/books?id=mO4P35Kojs0C&pg=PA6&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery&lr=#PPA6,M1
Tuesday, October 21, 2008
essay rough draft
The African Slave Trade was not a very good thing, but not many people were against it. If someone was they were considered an extremist and were not necessarily listened to. Then Nathaniel Bacon came along with his "new" ideas and ruined everything. His "rebellion" failed, and the failure of Bacon's "rebellion" was an accelerant to the slave trade.
After the “rebellion” failed, the Virginian colony was all shaken up. People were scared of another “rebellion” and wanted to prevent another one. To prevent another “rebellion” they tightened up the rules and reformatted the system that they had running in the colony. The first thing to be changed was the caste system in the colony. Bacon had made a set of laws called “Bacon’s Laws” (not surprisingly) which gave the people back what had been taken and reenacted the rights that they had lost. But when Bacon died of swamp fever, the “rebellion” lost steam and puttered out. 33 of Bacons supporters were hung and the loved “Bacon’s Laws” were repealed and Berkeley took over again. While Berkeley was in charge the Virginian government decided to change the caste system. Of course they stayed on top and put those that were a threat to the colony on the bottom of said caste system. The people that would want to rebel the most were the Native Americans and the African Slaves. Because the slaves were looked upon lower than the Indians, they were put lower than the Indians. In a caste system the lowest caste is most often the ones that are slaves, therefore making Bacon’s “rebellion” the reason the slave trade was accelerated.
Bacon’s “rebellion” possibly would of ended slavery in the colony, but could not possibly get rid of discrimination. Discrimination is something inside of a person, something only they can get rid of. But since the “rebellion” failed I believe that it created more discrimination by making people fear another “rebellion”. After said “rebellion” the Virginian legislature changed the caste system, basically banning all people of color to slavery. If all people of color are enslaved it breaks their spirit and lowers the chances of a “rebellion”. The Virginian legislature banned interracial marriages, or any other sexual relationship. They pretty much looked down on them and deemed them unfit for procreation. And because of the “rebellion” people had an underlying fear of people with color, or those associated with the “rebellion”, they unwittingly discriminated against them, making the “rebellion” an accelerant to slavery.
In the fear that was created by the “rebellion”, people were afraid of the lower classes “taking over” and “ruining the economy”. They wanted to do everything they could to prevent people from rebelling and taking over the colony. Bacon’s “rebellion” was the main cause of this fear because the fact that it failed. Who knows maybe if he didn’t get into a swamp and die the “rebellion” may have turned out differently and slavery would have been abolished in the colonies. But he did and it didn’t. But what it did cause was slaves to become more accepted and the slaves’ lives more miserable.
Bacon could have just been quiet. He could have accepted the way things were done and lived his life. But no; he had a dream. He wanted to free his people and live in a happier would. But his dream had risks. If he failed it would cause irreparable consequences, damaging all that he worked at. But he had to get into that swamp and die, leaving his legacy behind, a legacy of hurting more and more slaves leaving them to be mistreated and leaderless. Thus is why his “rebellion” never should have happened and he accelerated the slave trade.
After the “rebellion” failed, the Virginian colony was all shaken up. People were scared of another “rebellion” and wanted to prevent another one. To prevent another “rebellion” they tightened up the rules and reformatted the system that they had running in the colony. The first thing to be changed was the caste system in the colony. Bacon had made a set of laws called “Bacon’s Laws” (not surprisingly) which gave the people back what had been taken and reenacted the rights that they had lost. But when Bacon died of swamp fever, the “rebellion” lost steam and puttered out. 33 of Bacons supporters were hung and the loved “Bacon’s Laws” were repealed and Berkeley took over again. While Berkeley was in charge the Virginian government decided to change the caste system. Of course they stayed on top and put those that were a threat to the colony on the bottom of said caste system. The people that would want to rebel the most were the Native Americans and the African Slaves. Because the slaves were looked upon lower than the Indians, they were put lower than the Indians. In a caste system the lowest caste is most often the ones that are slaves, therefore making Bacon’s “rebellion” the reason the slave trade was accelerated.
Bacon’s “rebellion” possibly would of ended slavery in the colony, but could not possibly get rid of discrimination. Discrimination is something inside of a person, something only they can get rid of. But since the “rebellion” failed I believe that it created more discrimination by making people fear another “rebellion”. After said “rebellion” the Virginian legislature changed the caste system, basically banning all people of color to slavery. If all people of color are enslaved it breaks their spirit and lowers the chances of a “rebellion”. The Virginian legislature banned interracial marriages, or any other sexual relationship. They pretty much looked down on them and deemed them unfit for procreation. And because of the “rebellion” people had an underlying fear of people with color, or those associated with the “rebellion”, they unwittingly discriminated against them, making the “rebellion” an accelerant to slavery.
In the fear that was created by the “rebellion”, people were afraid of the lower classes “taking over” and “ruining the economy”. They wanted to do everything they could to prevent people from rebelling and taking over the colony. Bacon’s “rebellion” was the main cause of this fear because the fact that it failed. Who knows maybe if he didn’t get into a swamp and die the “rebellion” may have turned out differently and slavery would have been abolished in the colonies. But he did and it didn’t. But what it did cause was slaves to become more accepted and the slaves’ lives more miserable.
Bacon could have just been quiet. He could have accepted the way things were done and lived his life. But no; he had a dream. He wanted to free his people and live in a happier would. But his dream had risks. If he failed it would cause irreparable consequences, damaging all that he worked at. But he had to get into that swamp and die, leaving his legacy behind, a legacy of hurting more and more slaves leaving them to be mistreated and leaderless. Thus is why his “rebellion” never should have happened and he accelerated the slave trade.
Sunday, October 19, 2008
the failure of bacon's rebellion was an accelerant to the slave trade.
the failure of bacon's rebellion was an accelerant to the slave trade.
I. Bacons rebellion changed the caste system in the virginia colony. (a)(b)
A. in the rebellion, Bacon made a new set of laws called "Bacon's laws".
these laws reinstated certain right the people had lost. unfortunately
Bacon caught swamp fever and died. (a)
B. without his leadership the rebellion soon died out. Berkeley soon
regained control. Berkeley hung 33 of Bacon's supporters and repealed "Bacon's laws" (a)
C. after the rebellion, the virginian colony was worried about instability in the
caste system. to combat this, they made a new one, making blacks the lowest caste.
in doing this blacks were officially regarded as slaves.(a)(b)
II. the rebellion caused more discrimination (a)(b)
A. after the rebellion, the viginian legislature consigned all people of color to slavery.
but they decided there was more that needed to be done. (b)
B. the viginian govenment banned interracial marriges, or just having
a relationship of a sexual nature with them, deeming them unfit for procration.(b)
III. the rebellion caused fears of lower classes taking over(b)(c)
A. because of the rebellion, people got it into thier mind that the lower classes would
take over. to combat this they made an effort to make slavery a commonplace.(c)
B. the rebellion cause panic and a fear that it owuld happen again, causeing a tighening of the
rules and for more blacks to become enslaved and worked.
a. "slavery and the british empire" Morgan, Kenneth pgs 138-139
http://books.google.com/books?id=SGcwgJz5rQMC&pg=PA137&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery#PPA138,M1
b. "redress for historical injustices in the united states" Martin, Micheal T and Yaquinto, Marilyn pgs 36-37
http://books.google.com/books?id=rjmJv389P_sC&pg=PA36&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery
c. "charles willson peale" Ward, David C and Peale, Charles Willson pg 6
http://books.google.com/books?id=mO4P35Kojs0C&pg=PA6&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery&lr=#PPA6,M1
I. Bacons rebellion changed the caste system in the virginia colony. (a)(b)
A. in the rebellion, Bacon made a new set of laws called "Bacon's laws".
these laws reinstated certain right the people had lost. unfortunately
Bacon caught swamp fever and died. (a)
B. without his leadership the rebellion soon died out. Berkeley soon
regained control. Berkeley hung 33 of Bacon's supporters and repealed "Bacon's laws" (a)
C. after the rebellion, the virginian colony was worried about instability in the
caste system. to combat this, they made a new one, making blacks the lowest caste.
in doing this blacks were officially regarded as slaves.(a)(b)
II. the rebellion caused more discrimination (a)(b)
A. after the rebellion, the viginian legislature consigned all people of color to slavery.
but they decided there was more that needed to be done. (b)
B. the viginian govenment banned interracial marriges, or just having
a relationship of a sexual nature with them, deeming them unfit for procration.(b)
III. the rebellion caused fears of lower classes taking over(b)(c)
A. because of the rebellion, people got it into thier mind that the lower classes would
take over. to combat this they made an effort to make slavery a commonplace.(c)
B. the rebellion cause panic and a fear that it owuld happen again, causeing a tighening of the
rules and for more blacks to become enslaved and worked.
a. "slavery and the british empire" Morgan, Kenneth pgs 138-139
http://books.google.com/books?id=SGcwgJz5rQMC&pg=PA137&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery#PPA138,M1
b. "redress for historical injustices in the united states" Martin, Micheal T and Yaquinto, Marilyn pgs 36-37
http://books.google.com/books?id=rjmJv389P_sC&pg=PA36&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery
c. "charles willson peale" Ward, David C and Peale, Charles Willson pg 6
http://books.google.com/books?id=mO4P35Kojs0C&pg=PA6&dq=bacon%27s+rebellion+how+it+affected+slavery&lr=#PPA6,M1
Tuesday, October 14, 2008
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